J. Richard Hackman Archives

The January 2007 issue of the American Psychologist was a Special Issue on Leadership featuring six articles on the topic. Robert J. Sternberg noted in the forward to the special issue that “…leadership has not been a leading topic in the field of psychology,” thus the special issue was created in an effort to begin addressing this issue (p. 1). He goes on to state:

“The purpose of this special issue is to introduce readers of the American Psychologist to recent theory and research on leadership. The articles are written by some of the leading theorists in the study of leadership and are intended to present an overview of much (although certainly not all) of the field as it exists today. The goal is not to present only the latest findings or cutting-edge research, but rather, to serve as a tutorial providing background that might whet readers’ appetites to read more.” (Sternberg, 2007, p. 1)

Prompted by concerns raised by Bennis (2007) about the need for leadership scholars to “… reframe the important questions about leadership,” Hackman and Wageman (2007) generated the following five questions:

Question 1: Not do leaders make a difference, but under what conditions does leadership matter?

Question 2: Not what are the traits of leaders, but how to leaders’ personal attribute interact with situational properties to shape outcomes?

Question 3: Not do there exist common dimensions on which all leaders can be arrayed, but are good and poor leadership qualitatively different phenomena?

Question 4: Not how do leaders and followers differ, but how can leadership models be reframed so they treat all system members as both leaders and followers?

Question 5: Not what should be taught in leadership courses, but how can leaders be helped to learn?

References

Bennis, W. (2007). The challenges of leadership in the modern world: Introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 62, 2–5.

Hackman, J.R., & Wageman, R. (2007). Asking the right questions about leadership: Discussion and conclusions. American Psychologist, 62, 43-47.

Sternberg, R.J. (2007). Forward to the special issue on leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 1.

Yesterday marked the one year anniversary of the passing of J. Richard Hackman. Dr. Hackman was the preeminent scholar on teams and team effectiveness, having devoted the majority of his professional career to researching and understanding the topic. Moreover, he authored my favorite book on the subject: Leading Teams. Unfortunately, it has never achieved the popularity of similar books in the business press.

While I never had the pleasure of meeting Dr. Hackman, I was fortunate to discover his research and writings several years ago. He had the rare ability to communicate the subtlety of a complex topic in an engaging manner without watering it down to meaningless drivel; thus making it possible to implement his recommendations in a business setting.

I would encourage anyone interested in this topic to read Leading Teams, along with the following:

Hackman, J.R. (2009, May). Why teams don’t work. Harvard Business Review, 87, pp. 99-105.
Hackman, J.R., & Katz, N. (2010). Group behavior and performance. In S.T. Fiske, D.T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (5th ed.) (pp. 1208-1251). New York: Wiley.
Hackman, J.R. (2011, June 7). Six common misperceptions about teamwork. Harvard Business Review Blog Network
Hackman, J.R., & Wageman, R. (2005). A theory of team coaching. Academy of Management Review, 30, pp. 269-287.
Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (2005). When and how team leaders matter. Research in Organizational Behavior, 26, pp. 37-74.

Asking the Right Questions about Leadership

Remembering J. Richard Hackman